Systolic &diastolic Blood preesure.

 

The Blood Pressure Reading

• Your blood pressure reading is written as 120/80.
• It is spoken like this: “120 over 80.”
• The systolic blood pressure reading is the higher number.
• The diastolic blood pressure reading is the lower number.
• The units are millimeters of mercury (mmHg).

Both the systolic and diastolic pressures are important. If the readings are too high, hypertension may be present.1 If the blood pressure readings are too low, there may be insufficient blood flow to critical organs, such as the brain.

Verywell / JR Bee

What Is Systolic Blood Pressure?

The pressure exerted by your blood flowing through your arteries is not constant but is dynamic, and constantly reflects what the heart is doing at a given moment.

When the heart is actively beating (an event called “systole”), it is ejecting blood out into the arteries. This dynamic ejection of blood into the arteries causes the pressure within the arteries to rise. The peak blood pressure reached during active cardiac contraction is called the systolic blood pressure.

A “normal” systolic blood pressure when a person is sitting quietly is 120 mmHg or below.1

High Systolic Blood Pressure

When a person is exercising, during periods of emotional stress, or at any other time when the heart is stimulated to beat more strongly than at rest, the force of cardiac contraction increases—and the systolic pressure goes up.2

The increase in systolic blood pressure that occurs during these conditions of cardiac stress is entirely normal. This explains why it is so important to measure the blood pressure during periods of quiet rest before diagnosing hypertension.

 Reasons Why Only Your Systolic Blood Pressure Is High

Low Systolic Blood Pressure

If the systolic blood pressure is lower than normal, systolic hypotension is said to be present. If systolic hypotension is severe enough, it can cause lightheadedness, dizziness, syncope, or (if it lasts long enough), organ failure.

Systolic hypotension can occur if the blood volume becomes too low (as with severe dehydration or a major bleeding episode), if the heart muscle becomes too weak to eject the blood normally (a condition known as cardiomyopathy), or if the blood vessels become too dilated (as in vasovagal syncope).

A common condition that produces systolic hypotension is orthostatic hypotension.3

 When Low Blood Pressure Causes Health Concerns

What Is Diastolic Blood Pressure?

The diastolic blood pressure is the pressure the blood exerts within the arteries in between heartbeats, that is, when the heart is not actively ejecting blood into the arteries.

After the heart is finished contracting, the cardiac ventricles relax momentarily so that they can be refilled with blood, in preparation for the next contraction. This period of ventricular relaxation is called “diastole,” and the blood pressure during diastole is called the diastolic blood pressure.

A “normal” diastolic blood pressure during quiet rest is 80 mmHg or below.1 In hypertension, the diastolic blood pressure is often increased during quiet rest.

Diastolic hypotension (when the diastolic blood pressure is low) may be seen with dehydration4 or with bleeding episodes, or if the arteries become abnormally dilated.

Quiet Rest for Accuracy

Blood pressure is a very dynamic thing. The level of your blood pressure depends on the activity of your heart and the elasticity of your arteries. As we have seen, the blood pressure is actively changing from moment to moment as the heart cycles between systole and diastole.

In addition, your systolic and diastolic blood pressure (the highest and the lowest blood pressure reached during any given cardiac cycle) can change substantially from minute to minute depending on your state of activity, your state of stress, your state of hydration, and several other factors.

What this means is that, in order to diagnose hypertension accurately, it is important to control for as many “external” factors as possible. The standard recommended by experts requires the blood pressure to be taken in a calm, warm environment after you have been resting quietly for at least five minutes.5

Measuring blood pressure this way is a challenge in today’s typical, harried doctor’s office, making the accurate diagnosis of hypertension much more of a challenge than it should be. This is why most experts today recommend recording the blood pressure over an extended period of time, with ambulatory monitoring, before making the diagnosis of hypertension.6

 By Iftekhar chowdhury ,coxbd201111.The Heart's Chambers and Valves

আমি কিভাবে আমার শরীর ফিট রাখতে পারব?

 শরীর ফিট রাখতে প্রথম শর্ত স্বাস্থ্যকর খাওয়ার অভ্যাস গড়ে তোলা। এর সঙ্গে সঙ্গে করতে হবে শারীরিক ব্যায়াম।

শরীর ফিট রাখতে করতে পারেন এই কাজগুলো-

বাইরে যাওয়ার সময় সঙ্গে নিতে পারেন বাদাম, আম‌ন্ড, কাজু, ওয়ালনাট, তিসির বীজ, বাড়িতে তৈরি ভ্যানিলা।বাইরে চকলেট, চিপস না খেয়ে খেতে পারেন এগুলো।

টিভি দেখতে দেখতে খাওয়া যাবে না। যদি এই কাজটি করেন তাহলে খেয়াল থাকবে না আপনি কতটা খাচ্ছেন।

ছোট পাত্রে খাওয়ার অভ্যাস করুন। বেশি বার খান তবে অল্প অল্প। এতে শরীরে খাবারের ভারসাম্য বজায় থাকবে।

খাওয়ার সময় ভালোভবে চিবিয়ে খাওয়ার অভ্যাস গড়ে তুলুন। এর ফলে খাবারের জরুরি উপাদান শরীরে প্রবেশ করবে। ফলে গ্যাসের সমস্যা থেকেও মুক্তি পাওয়া যাবে।

শ্বাস-প্রশ্বাসের ব্যায়াম করুন। দিনে ১০ মিনিট এ ধরনের ব্যায়াম করলে দুশ্চিন্তার মাত্রা অনেকটা কমে যাবে। হার্টরেট স্বাভাবিক থাকবে এবং রক্তচাপ নিয়ন্ত্রণে থেকে শরীরও সুস্থ রাখবে।

খাবার খাওয়ার ১৫ মিনিট আগে অথবা পরে পানি খান। এতে হজমশক্তি বাড়বে।

অনেকের খাবার দেখলেই খেতে ইচ্ছা করে। আর এ কারণে ক্ষুধা না লাগলেও খেতে থাকেন অনেকে। এই অভ্যাসটি শরীরের জন্য ভালো নয়। ক্ষুধা পেলে তবেই খেতে হবে।

রান্নাঘরে স্বাস্থ্যকর খাবার রাখুন। প্রক্রিয়াজাত ও প্যাকেটজাত খাবারের

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Potential of mineral along the bay of bengal, Bangladesh.

 

By Iftekhar Uddin Chowdhury

www.twiter.com iftekhar @bdcox2010

www.pinterest.com/coxuddino5

 

 

 

Exploitation of mineral resources       `                       `

essential for the sustainable development of the country. We have many natural resources, like

gas, coal, glass sand, limestone, clay, silica, and beach sand Minerals, others, it is vital role play for the economic development of the country. Mineral sand deposit along the coastal belt of Bangladesh, constitute a potential resources of the country. The beach sand minerals contains Rutile, ,which approximately 95%0f titanium dioxide, extensively used in pigment industries, welding electrodes industries, now it is very demand in the industries, and many consumers in the domestic & international market ,Zircon, its chemical composition ,zirconium silicate ,very much demand in the markets ,it used in the ceramic industries, steel mill ,refractory, foundries, Applied in TV plate it is now very demand in our country .Magnetite, as a iron ores used in ferrite rods, red oxide and black oxide. and Ilemenite, also contains titanium dioxide it is used in the for the shielding of radiation ,and extensively used in the shielding block of nuclear power plant , Garnet, monazite ,rare earth radioactive minerals ,which contains thorium which used in nuclear technology ,garnet is used in emery cloth, papers and grinding stone, also in jewels in watches. Kyanite, as a sources of aluminium, & Leucoxene, as a substitute of rutile, Beach sand containing potentially valuable minerals were discovered in 1961 during a geological survey for radioactive minerals in cox;sbazar beach area .Atomic energy commission have been engaged for its exploration & exploitation of these minerals ,according to baec data there is 4.4 million tons of heavy minerals on 17 nos deposits area so far . On which potential economic minerals is 1.76 million tons ,and its estimate zircon 1.58,117 tons, Rutile reserve 71thousand tons ,Ilmenite,1,025,558 tons Magnetite,81.00 thousand tons ,Garnet 222,761tons, Monazite 17,352,tons. Recently beach sand minerals being consumed and demand rolling mill in Bangladesh Sanitary ware factory, papers mill, match factory and now demand many factories it is also possible potential for nuclear power plant projects. .BAEC requested the Government of Australia to help so they extended assistances under Colombo plan to study feasibility of the economical ,so pilot plant were build at Cox's Bazar in the year 1975.they supplied all equipment ,this worked done by one Australian consultant firm, MDL, Mr. Macdonald is head of the consultant ,in the years 1976,. Mr. Macdonald has submitted & recommended added some additional equipment for the plant one report for preliminary feasibility of the projects Then afterwards another consultant of Australia firm an Australian Minerals Development laboratory (AMDEL) also study with bulk sample for the feasibility in the year 1977, they also has submitted one report in the meantime pilot plant has successfully Physical separated in Commercial grade type minerals ilemenite, Magnetite, garnet, zircon and rutile through zircon & Rutile is not yet in target grade..anyhow in the years 1994- 1998 one BMRE project has been undertaken ,some new equipment has been procured and installed at the pilot plant projects .pilot plant studies only develop flow sheets for physical separation of constituent economic minerals and to find out working economic involved therein which would in turn be in commercial plant to be set up in future .There is many commercial projects recovery of these kind of minerals in Australia , South Africa, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka ,Malaysian , China & many countries of the world, so what is problem of our country ? But in the yrs 1985 Japan aid organization wiliness to assistances / grant this project, next Australian Titanium resources, has agreed to finances this projects in the 1990, but it was not in materialized for some our bureaucratic system Through it is small deposit to compare to other countries of the world, we have undertaken imitative works to find out additional reserve and what is news of existing reserve present position? The reserve situation must be resolved. At present most of the depositing area covered with fish firm, salt field ,hatchery zone and many others established like houses, mosque ,madasha ,as it is prior commitment ,ores reserve estimation must be on adequate data, and cost estimation ,as our country has no expert in the field of beach sand mining project ,now most the deposit broken, or going salt field, back dune deposit covered with living house , so again I have put some suggestion - 1. An investigation must be determine economically viable 2. Entire evaluation data of exploration? 3.Pilot plant operation must be accuracy data of quality of recovery %,it processing parameter ,so that is production must be market grade, 4.The existing deposit area should be environmental impact analysis, with most modern equipment. 5.The pilot plant has designed for the small scale production for beach sand mining industries ,I think it require additional production of Ilemenite , Magnitite , Zircon ,Rutile, Garnet ,Monazite, and chalked out plan for the ,rechecking existing reserve ,weather it is commercial feasible ? and invite foreign consulting firm, rechecking it is must be take steps for the right decisions , it is long time ago ,no further delayed, but for the nuclear power generation in Bangladesh ,then it should be too essential for production of above minerals ,ensure the shielding of radiation works of the nuclear plant Of our country. Save some foreign exchange. It is our natural resources, for the sake national interest it should be exploitation, it is great revenue income, provide job, in the country

Iftekhar uddin chowdhury.

 The writer is a Former Senior Officer, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission & Social woker ,past President ,Apex club,Tek para , coxsbazar.